Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre yeezy boost
à 15:01 le 6 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i got absolutely lucky Jordan managed to round up his basic research via the ideas he discovered using your web site. It is now and again perplexing just to happen to be making a gift of points which usually a number of people have been selling. And we know we have got the website owner to thank for that. Those illustrations you have made, the straightforward web site navigation, the friendships you make it possible to create - it's all terrific, and it is letting our son and the family know that this concept is exciting, which is certainly quite pressing. Thank you for all!
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre michael jordan shoes
à 15:01 le 6 janvier 2021 
I precisely wished to appreciate you once again. I'm not certain the things that I would've undertaken in the absence of the entire tactics documented by you about my area of interest. It had been a hard issue for me, however , being able to see your expert manner you processed it made me to cry over happiness. Now i am thankful for this help and even expect you really know what a great job you are always getting into teaching people today through your web blog. I know that you have never met all of us.
michael jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre giannis shoes
à 15:01 le 6 janvier 2021 
I precisely wished to appreciate you once more. I am not sure the things I might have taken care of without the recommendations contributed by you over this subject matter. Previously it was an absolute fearsome setting in my opinion, however , encountering your specialised manner you dealt with the issue made me to leap for contentment. I'm thankful for the help and then wish you really know what an amazing job you are accomplishing training many people using a web site. More than likely you haven't encountered all of us.
giannis shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 15:02 le 6 janvier 2021 
I want to show my appreciation for your kindness in support of those people that should have guidance on this important niche. Your personal dedication to passing the message around turned out to be pretty functional and has usually empowered employees much like me to get to their ambitions. Your personal interesting guidelines indicates a lot to me and extremely more to my mates. Many thanks; from all of us.
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre kyrie 5
à 15:03 le 6 janvier 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone a very marvellous opportunity to check tips from this blog. It's usually very beneficial plus stuffed with fun for me and my office acquaintances to visit your website particularly thrice in 7 days to study the fresh tips you have got. And definitely, I'm so actually contented with all the sensational hints you serve. Selected 4 areas in this article are unquestionably the finest we have all had.
kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre yeezy
à 15:03 le 6 janvier 2021 
I wanted to write you this tiny observation so as to give thanks as before considering the awesome pointers you've featured here. It's extremely open-handed of you to offer freely what exactly a lot of folks could possibly have offered as an electronic book in making some money for themselves, chiefly seeing that you might have done it if you ever wanted. Those good ideas also served to become good way to be certain that some people have a similar dreams the same as my personal own to know a good deal more in respect of this issue. I'm certain there are millions of more fun situations in the future for people who read your blog post.
yeezy http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre golden goose
à 15:03 le 6 janvier 2021 
I am also writing to let you be aware of what a amazing discovery my friend's girl encountered reading your blog. She noticed numerous details, not to mention how it is like to possess an excellent coaching spirit to let certain people quite simply fully understand selected multifaceted things. You truly surpassed our own expected results. Thanks for showing such effective, healthy, informative as well as cool guidance on your topic to Lizeth.
golden goose http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre off white
à 15:03 le 6 janvier 2021 
I actually wanted to write a quick remark to be able to express gratitude to you for all of the pleasant tricks you are giving on this website. My time consuming internet lookup has at the end of the day been recognized with good quality facts and strategies to share with my relatives. I would repeat that most of us readers actually are undoubtedly blessed to live in a decent network with so many perfect people with helpful basics. I feel extremely fortunate to have used the web pages and look forward to many more pleasurable minutes reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
off white http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre kd13
à 15:04 le 6 janvier 2021 
I wanted to make a quick comment in order to say thanks to you for those great tactics you are sharing at this site. My time intensive internet search has at the end of the day been rewarded with excellent facts and techniques to share with my friends and classmates. I would declare that many of us site visitors actually are truly blessed to live in a remarkable site with very many special professionals with very beneficial techniques. I feel rather privileged to have encountered your site and look forward to tons of more exciting minutes reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
kd13 http://www.kd13shoes.us
Répondre curry 8
à 15:09 le 6 janvier 2021 
I am also commenting to let you understand of the superb experience my wife's daughter undergone browsing your webblog. She learned so many pieces, with the inclusion of how it is like to possess an amazing giving heart to let most people really easily fully grasp some complicated subject matter. You actually surpassed her desires. Thanks for presenting these valuable, dependable, revealing and in addition fun tips about the topic to Emily.
curry 8 http://www.curry8shoes.us
Répondre off white
à 15:22 le 6 janvier 2021 
I needed to write you this little bit of remark in order to give thanks the moment again for your amazing tricks you've provided in this article. It has been quite particularly generous of you to present easily exactly what a number of people could possibly have advertised as an e book to make some money for their own end, principally seeing that you might have tried it if you ever desired. The guidelines as well acted as the great way to be aware that some people have the identical dreams just as my very own to see way more with respect to this problem. Certainly there are numerous more enjoyable situations ahead for individuals who view your site.
off white http://www.offwhitehoodies.us
Répondre chrome hearts online
à 15:23 le 6 janvier 2021 
I wish to get across my love for your kind-heartedness supporting folks that must have help with in this question. Your very own commitment to getting the solution around appeared to be astonishingly good and have really permitted individuals just like me to achieve their desired goals. Your entire helpful guidelines means this much a person like me and extremely more to my office workers. With thanks; from all of us.
chrome hearts online http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre longchamp
à 15:23 le 6 janvier 2021 
I really wanted to make a small remark in order to appreciate you for all of the lovely steps you are sharing on this website. My time consuming internet research has at the end been compensated with excellent tips to write about with my relatives. I would say that many of us site visitors actually are extremely fortunate to live in a fabulous website with many wonderful individuals with great concepts. I feel truly privileged to have encountered your entire webpage and look forward to tons of more brilliant times reading here. Thanks a lot again for a lot of things.
longchamp http://www.handbagslongchamp.us
Répondre longchamp
à 15:25 le 6 janvier 2021 
My husband and i ended up being so relieved John could do his homework out of the precious recommendations he was given from your very own web page. It's not at all simplistic to simply continually be freely giving tips and hints which often other folks might have been making money from. Therefore we know we've got the website owner to appreciate because of that. Most of the explanations you've made, the simple website navigation, the relationships your site make it possible to engender - it is most overwhelming, and it's really aiding our son in addition to us recognize that the subject matter is interesting, and that is incredibly pressing. Thank you for the whole lot!
longchamp http://www.longchampshandbags.us
Répondre kyrie 7
à 15:30 le 6 janvier 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extremely pleasant possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It's usually so lovely and as well , packed with a great time for me and my office peers to search your blog at the least three times in a week to learn the latest tips you have. And definitely, I'm certainly impressed with all the mind-boggling concepts you serve. Some 3 areas on this page are in truth the most effective we have had.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie-7.com
Répondre longchamp
à 15:38 le 6 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of your entire effort on this website. My mum loves getting into internet research and it is obvious why. My spouse and i notice all relating to the lively ways you render helpful tips and tricks by means of your blog and even encourage contribution from some others about this idea then our own daughter is being taught a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You are carrying out a really good job.
longchamp http://www.handbagslongchamp.us
Répondre pandora
à 15:45 le 6 janvier 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with such a splendid opportunity to read from this web site. It really is very useful and full of a lot of fun for me personally and my office colleagues to search your blog at a minimum thrice every week to see the latest guidance you will have. And indeed, I'm just usually fulfilled with your superb methods you give. Selected two tips in this posting are absolutely the most effective we've ever had.
pandora http://www.outletpandora.us.com
Répondre kd 12
à 15:48 le 6 janvier 2021 
I truly wanted to write a small message to thank you for some of the wonderful guidelines you are sharing here. My rather long internet look up has now been paid with reliable insight to exchange with my good friends. I would point out that many of us readers actually are undeniably endowed to live in a really good place with very many awesome individuals with good tips. I feel quite happy to have encountered the weblog and look forward to tons of more thrilling moments reading here. Thank you once again for all the details.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre kobe basketball shoes
à 16:02 le 6 janvier 2021 
I have to show some thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this type of situation. Right after browsing throughout the search engines and seeing tricks which are not helpful, I figured my life was well over. Existing without the answers to the problems you've fixed as a result of this article content is a serious case, as well as ones that would have negatively affected my career if I had not come across your web page. Your main understanding and kindness in controlling all the stuff was useful. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a thing like this. I can also at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for your skilled and sensible guide. I won't be reluctant to recommend your web sites to anybody who needs to have guide on this topic.
kobe basketball shoes http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 16:05 le 6 janvier 2021 
I precisely wished to appreciate you again. I'm not certain the things I would've undertaken without the ideas documented by you relating to such a problem. Entirely was a scary circumstance in my view, however , being able to see the very well-written manner you solved the issue took me to cry with joy. I am just happy for your assistance and then pray you find out what an amazing job you have been undertaking training some other people using your web page. Most probably you have never met any of us.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosessale.com
0