Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre lebron shoes
à 1:06 le 6 janvier 2021 
I really wanted to type a simple comment so as to say thanks to you for these magnificent facts you are posting at this website. My extended internet lookup has now been compensated with excellent details to exchange with my family. I would admit that many of us website visitors actually are definitely blessed to dwell in a wonderful place with so many perfect people with valuable hints. I feel rather privileged to have come across your web page and look forward to so many more amazing moments reading here. Thank you once again for all the details.
lebron shoes http://www.lebron18.us
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 1:33 le 6 janvier 2021 
I just wanted to jot down a message so as to appreciate you for all the amazing solutions you are sharing on this website. My considerable internet look up has now been paid with awesome information to go over with my two friends. I would claim that many of us visitors actually are truly blessed to exist in a good community with very many outstanding individuals with valuable ideas. I feel really fortunate to have discovered the webpage and look forward to some more pleasurable minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for everything.
adidas yeezy http://www.yeezyadidas.us
Répondre kyrie 7
à 1:56 le 6 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to make a quick remark to be able to say thanks to you for all the precious secrets you are placing at this website. My extended internet look up has finally been rewarded with professional concept to go over with my family. I 'd assert that many of us site visitors are unquestionably endowed to dwell in a fabulous community with so many outstanding professionals with good hints. I feel pretty happy to have seen your site and look forward to so many more amazing times reading here. Thanks a lot once again for everything.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie-7.com
Répondre hermes handbags
à 2:02 le 6 janvier 2021 
I precisely wished to appreciate you yet again. I am not sure the things that I would've gone through in the absence of the entire solutions shown by you directly on such question. It was actually a real distressing setting in my view, but noticing a new specialized form you handled the issue forced me to weep for joy. Now i am grateful for the help and hope you know what an amazing job your are providing instructing people through the use of your site. Most likely you have never met all of us.
hermes handbags http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre kobe
à 2:04 le 6 janvier 2021 
I wish to point out my respect for your kind-heartedness in support of men and women that absolutely need guidance on this topic. Your special commitment to getting the solution all over was amazingly powerful and have constantly helped guys and women much like me to attain their targets. Your amazing important tips and hints denotes so much a person like me and even further to my office colleagues. Best wishes; from all of us.
kobe http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 2:05 le 6 janvier 2021 
My wife and i were satisfied that Chris could do his researching with the ideas he had out of the blog. It's not at all simplistic to simply possibly be freely giving hints that many most people could have been selling. So we grasp we have you to give thanks to because of that. The most important explanations you made, the easy web site menu, the friendships you can help to engender - it's most unbelievable, and it's making our son and the family reckon that the issue is entertaining, which is certainly highly essential. Thank you for everything!
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy350boost.us.com
Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 2:05 le 6 janvier 2021 
I am only writing to make you be aware of of the beneficial encounter our child gained going through your web site. She picked up numerous details, not to mention what it's like to have an amazing coaching spirit to let other individuals really easily have an understanding of specific complex issues. You really exceeded my desires. Thank you for churning out these powerful, trustworthy, edifying as well as easy guidance on that topic to Sandra.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre supreme clothing
à 2:05 le 6 janvier 2021 
I would like to show my appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this particular circumstance. As a result of browsing through the online world and coming across recommendations which were not pleasant, I was thinking my entire life was over. Existing without the presence of approaches to the difficulties you've solved by means of your entire report is a serious case, and the kind which could have adversely affected my career if I hadn't encountered your web site. Your main know-how and kindness in controlling the whole thing was priceless. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I'm able to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this reliable and sensible help. I will not think twice to recommend the sites to anyone who desires guide on this subject matter.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre air jordan
à 2:46 le 6 janvier 2021 
My husband and i were quite delighted when Peter could do his preliminary research via the precious recommendations he made from your own web pages. It is now and again perplexing just to possibly be handing out instructions which usually men and women may have been trying to sell. So we acknowledge we've got the writer to be grateful to because of that. These illustrations you have made, the simple website menu, the relationships you will make it easier to promote - it's many astonishing, and it's making our son and us understand this article is interesting, and that is pretty mandatory. Thank you for the whole lot!
air jordan http://www.jordan1shoes.us
Répondre supreme
à 3:06 le 6 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i were now satisfied that Raymond could do his basic research from your precious recommendations he made through your web site. It is now and again perplexing just to be giving for free ideas that many other people might have been selling. And we all do know we now have the website owner to give thanks to because of that. All the illustrations you have made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships you can give support to foster - it's most astounding, and it's really facilitating our son in addition to the family consider that that issue is amusing, and that's especially indispensable. Thank you for the whole thing!
supreme http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre supreme shirt
à 3:49 le 6 janvier 2021 
My husband and i felt absolutely fortunate Ervin managed to round up his research with the ideas he obtained in your web site. It's not at all simplistic just to find yourself giving for free guidelines men and women may have been trying to sell. So we understand we've got the blog owner to give thanks to for this. All of the explanations you made, the easy site menu, the friendships you make it possible to instill - it is most spectacular, and it is helping our son and the family do think the subject is awesome, which is pretty important. Many thanks for the whole lot!
supreme shirt http://www.supremeshirt.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 3:50 le 6 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to send a brief note in order to express gratitude to you for those stunning guidelines you are showing on this site. My extended internet investigation has now been rewarded with sensible facts and strategies to talk about with my family and friends. I would express that many of us readers are definitely fortunate to live in a magnificent community with so many marvellous people with very helpful tactics. I feel really privileged to have come across your web site and look forward to plenty of more exciting times reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
yeezy http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre chrome hearts online
à 3:51 le 6 janvier 2021 
I together with my friends have already been checking out the great solutions located on the blog and then before long got a terrible feeling I had not thanked the site owner for those techniques. Most of the people became for that reason thrilled to learn all of them and have undoubtedly been enjoying these things. I appreciate you for getting really helpful and also for making a choice on certain really good areas most people are really wanting to understand about. My personal honest apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.
chrome hearts online http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre nike lebron 15
à 3:52 le 6 janvier 2021 
I am only writing to make you be aware of of the remarkable discovery my friend's princess found browsing your site. She realized lots of pieces, which include what it is like to have a great teaching style to have other individuals easily learn about a number of grueling issues. You undoubtedly did more than my expected results. I appreciate you for churning out the informative, trusted, informative and easy thoughts on this topic to Lizeth.
nike lebron 15 http://www.lebron15.net
Répondre kobe basketball shoes
à 4:14 le 6 janvier 2021 
Needed to create you this little note to be able to thank you once again on the lovely suggestions you've provided here. It's certainly open-handed of people like you to offer without restraint what exactly many individuals might have advertised for an e book to get some cash for their own end, and in particular seeing that you could have done it in the event you considered necessary. Those strategies also served to become a easy way to recognize that the rest have the same fervor just like my own to understand very much more regarding this matter. I know there are some more pleasurable periods ahead for those who see your website.
kobe basketball shoes http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre kd 10
à 4:16 le 6 janvier 2021 
I'm just writing to make you understand of the nice experience my wife's girl encountered viewing your web page. She figured out too many details, which include how it is like to have an amazing coaching mindset to let certain people very easily have an understanding of various tricky issues. You really surpassed readers' expected results. Thanks for coming up with those interesting, trustworthy, edifying and as well as easy tips about your topic to Jane.
kd 10 http://www.kd10.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 4:20 le 6 janvier 2021 
My wife and i were quite happy John could finish off his preliminary research through the entire precious recommendations he received out of your web site. It is now and again perplexing to just be freely giving secrets which usually the others have been trying to sell. And we also keep in mind we need the writer to give thanks to for this. The entire illustrations you have made, the simple website navigation, the relationships your site make it possible to promote - it is most great, and it is facilitating our son and our family feel that this article is fun, which is certainly particularly serious. Thanks for the whole lot!
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 4:22 le 6 janvier 2021 
I have to express my appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this particular predicament. Because of exploring throughout the the net and seeing opinions that were not helpful, I assumed my life was done. Living devoid of the approaches to the problems you've sorted out by way of your review is a crucial case, as well as the kind which may have in a negative way affected my career if I had not come across your web blog. Your personal talents and kindness in controlling all things was useful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a stuff like this. It's possible to now look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for this expert and sensible guide. I won't be reluctant to refer your blog to anyone who ought to have care on this matter.
yeezy http://www.shoesyeezy.us
Répondre jordan 6
à 4:22 le 6 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i ended up being absolutely peaceful that Louis could finish off his basic research through the precious recommendations he received through your weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply be giving away tips and hints other folks could have been making money from. And now we know we need the writer to give thanks to for that. Most of the illustrations you made, the straightforward blog navigation, the relationships you will help to promote - it is many sensational, and it's really leading our son in addition to the family believe that this situation is awesome, which is certainly extraordinarily serious. Thank you for the whole lot!
jordan 6 http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 4:23 le 6 janvier 2021 
I want to get across my love for your kindness in support of people that really want help with this one issue. Your real dedication to passing the solution all through appears to be pretty powerful and has specifically permitted folks like me to arrive at their desired goals. Your personal valuable useful information can mean a great deal a person like me and extremely more to my office workers. Best wishes; from all of us.
jordan shoes http://www.airjordansstore.com
0