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Devoirs et TDA(H)

Publié le 26 février 2017 à 16:15

 

 

 

Les enfants présentant un trouble déficitaire de l’attention peuvent rencontrer de nombreux défis quand vient le moment fatidique des devoirs, de par leurs difficultés d’autorégulation et de fonctions exécutives.

 

Les enfants présentant un trouble déficitaire de l’attention peuvent rencontrer de nombreux défis quand vient le moment fatidique des devoirs, de par leurs difficultés d’autorégulation et de fonctions exécutives. Souvent longs et laborieux, les devoirs peuvent rapidement devenir épuisants, tant pour ces enfants que pour leurs parents.

 

Heureusement, nous vous proposons différentes petites astuces simples à essayer. Rappelez-vous que chaque enfant est différent et que ce qui fonctionne pour certains peut ne pas fonctionner avec d’autres!

Les devoirs sont difficiles pour plusieurs raisons:

Heure de la journée

 

Le rythme scolaire soutenu demande beaucoup d’énergie à votre enfant. Quand arrive la fin de la journée, la fatigue s’installe et la concentration de votre enfant n’est plus à son haut potentiel.

Médication

 

En général, les enfants souffrant de TDA(H) prennent leur médication le matin avant d’aller à l’école. En fin de journée, le médicament ne fait plus effet. Il est alors plus difficile pour l’enfant de se concentrer de nouveau pour la période des devoirs.

Organisation et planification

 

Le TDA(H) s’accompagne fréquemment de difficultés d’organisation et de planification. L’enfant peut peiner à initier une tâche, à organiser son matériel et à structurer correctement son travail.

Voici des exemples de stratégies à essayer et à adapter en fonction des besoins votre enfant et de sa personnalité:

Établir une routine

 

Si la mise en place d’une routine stable est importante pour tous les enfants, elle est essentielle pour les enfants TDA(H) afin de les aider à se structurer, et pour automatiser des routines.

Choisir le bon moment

 

Essayez de trouver le meilleur moment pour que votre enfant se mette au travail. Pour certains, ce sera dès le retour de l’école, alors que d’autres auront plutôt besoin d’un moment de détente ou de jeu. La fin de semaine, optez pour le moment où votre enfant semble le plus attentif, probablement le matin ou après le repas.

Offrir un cadre propice aux devoirs

 

Nous sommes habitués de gérer plusieurs choses à la fois. Toutefois, préparer le repas, répondre au téléphone et s’occuper des devoirs en même temps, pour aller plus vite, pourrait affecter l’efficacité de votre enfant et augmenter considérablement la durée des devoirs.Que faire ? Installez votre enfant dans une pièce calme avec le moins de distraction possible. Il est également important qu’il soit assis devant un bureau pour avoir une bonne position. Il peut être bon de donner des écouteurs avec de la musique douce à votre enfant afin de réduire les bruits environnants. Les recherches sur la musique de fond et le TDA(H) sont encore en cours, mais il se pourrait que la musique soit un bon allier à la concentration !

Laissez-les bouger (!!)

 

Si tous les enfants ont besoin de bouger, c’est encore plus vrai pour les enfants TDA(H)! Aussi surprenant que cela puisse paraître, bouger peut les aider à mieux se concentrer! Lorsque le devoir sur lequel il travaille ne nécessite pas qu’il soit assis devant son bureau, comme lors de l’apprentissage des tables de multiplication par exemple, laissez votre enfant debout pour qu’il puisse marcher ou sauter.Vous pouvez même utiliser le carrelage lors de l’apprentissage des additions et soustractions simples en faisant avancer et reculer votre enfant de plusieurs cases! Lorsqu’il faut être assis, proposez-lui des boules antistress, des balles molles, des coussins instables, ou encore, des élastiques à attacher aux pieds de la chaise.

Organiser 2.0 – Créativité, stratégies visuelles, gestion du temps, diviser la tâche et planification

 

Une heure de travail est peu pour un adulte, mais cela peut sembler être un obstacle insurmontable pour un jeune enfant. Optez pour des stratégies visuelles ! Prenez un chronomètre ou une vieille horloge et adaptez-le à l’aide de couleurs pour avoir un cadran beaucoup plus visuel. Définissez des périodes de travail courtes entrecoupées de petites pauses. Par exemple, 15 minutes de travail, 3 minutes de pause avec un petit jeu.

Aidez votre enfant à structurer son travail en choisissant les priorités et en définissant un ordre des tâches. Allez-y pas à pas en divisant l’exercice en plusieurs sous-tâches. Malgré leurs difficultés d’organisation, ces enfants ont souvent un bon raisonnement logique. Misez sur les forces de votre enfant pour optimiser son travail !

Aidez-le à planifier correctement ce qu’il a à faire, à structurer la tâche en utilisant des couleurs.

 

Attention à l’attention !

 

Attirez son attention avant de lui parler pour s’assurer qu’il vous écoute.

Incitez-le à verbaliser les consignes, à reformuler avec ses propres mots les buts à atteindre et les étapes nécessaires. Insistez sur les mots-clés.

Réduisez le nombre de consignes présentées en même temps.

Évitez les situations où l’enfant serait en double tâche.

Laissez uniquement le matériel nécessaire sur la table pour éviter les distractions.

Laissez à sa disposition des coquilles pour qu’il ne soit pas distrait par le bruit.

 

Renforcement positif

 

N’hésitez pas à le féliciter pour ses efforts plutôt que pour ses résultats!

Soyez clair, ferme, et flexible

 

Définissez clairement vos attentes et les objectifs à atteindre, mais adaptez-vous également à ses capacités.

 

Surtout, n’oubliez pas de croire en vous: vous êtes le meilleur guide pour votre enfant!

Par Delphine Fargues

 

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