Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre longchamp outlet
à 4:32 le 15 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an exceptionally nice chance to read in detail from this site. It is usually very enjoyable and stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your web site nearly three times in a week to read through the newest guidance you have. Of course, we're always impressed for the amazing inspiring ideas served by you. Selected 2 facts in this article are without a doubt the best we have had.
longchamp outlet http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre supreme
à 5:00 le 15 décembre 2020 
I am commenting to let you know what a amazing experience my friend's child encountered reading through your site. She learned several details, with the inclusion of what it is like to possess an ideal coaching mindset to let a number of people quite simply know precisely a variety of advanced issues. You actually exceeded people's expectations. Thank you for distributing such insightful, healthy, revealing and easy tips on this topic to Ethel.
supreme http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre air jordan
à 5:47 le 15 décembre 2020 
I wish to express appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from this scenario. Because of exploring through the world wide web and finding tips which are not pleasant, I thought my entire life was done. Being alive without the presence of strategies to the issues you have solved all through your good review is a critical case, and the kind that might have negatively damaged my entire career if I had not encountered the website. Your knowledge and kindness in dealing with all the stuff was invaluable. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't discovered such a thing like this. I'm able to at this time look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for this reliable and amazing help. I will not hesitate to refer the blog to anybody who needs tips on this subject matter.
air jordan http://www.jordan1shoes.us
Répondre off white
à 10:12 le 15 décembre 2020 
I needed to write you a bit of remark in order to say thanks once again for your personal spectacular solutions you've provided on this page. It was really extremely open-handed of people like you to make easily all that many people could possibly have sold as an e book to generate some cash on their own, and in particular considering that you could possibly have done it if you ever desired. These principles in addition acted like the good way to know that other people online have the same keenness like my own to grasp good deal more with regards to this matter. I know there are some more enjoyable moments ahead for individuals that looked at your blog post.
off white http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre nike shox
à 10:26 le 15 décembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to make you understand of the remarkable discovery my princess undergone going through your web page. She picked up such a lot of pieces, with the inclusion of what it's like to have an ideal helping mindset to make other people with no trouble master selected very confusing matters. You actually exceeded readers' expected results. Thanks for displaying these precious, safe, informative and even fun guidance on that topic to Gloria.
nike shox http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 11:18 le 15 décembre 2020 
I simply needed to thank you so much once again. I do not know what I might have made to happen without the tips revealed by you concerning such area. Completely was a real daunting setting for me, but taking note of your expert tactic you dealt with it made me to jump with joy. I am happy for your assistance and in addition wish you comprehend what a powerful job that you're accomplishing training the rest all through your webblog. I know that you've never met any of us.
jordan retro http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 11:18 le 15 décembre 2020 
I have to express my appreciation to the writer just for rescuing me from this particular difficulty. Right after surfing throughout the world wide web and seeing concepts that were not beneficial, I thought my entire life was done. Existing without the solutions to the issues you have resolved by means of your good short article is a serious case, as well as those which may have negatively damaged my entire career if I had not discovered your web site. Your primary expertise and kindness in handling all the details was precious. I don't know what I would have done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I'm able to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for your professional and sensible help. I won't be reluctant to propose your site to any person who requires recommendations on this problem.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre golden goose
à 11:46 le 15 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to type a small remark to appreciate you for the great tactics you are sharing on this site. My incredibly long internet investigation has at the end been rewarded with high-quality ideas to talk about with my great friends. I 'd mention that most of us website visitors are extremely lucky to exist in a really good network with so many brilliant individuals with beneficial secrets. I feel truly lucky to have come across your webpages and look forward to so many more amazing times reading here. Thanks again for everything.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre kyrie 6
à 11:51 le 15 décembre 2020 
My wife and i got now happy when Jordan managed to finish off his researching with the ideas he received while using the web page. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be freely giving techniques which usually other folks might have been selling. So we discover we have the writer to appreciate for this. The type of illustrations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the relationships you will assist to create - it's many great, and it's really letting our son and our family reckon that the matter is entertaining, which is certainly truly fundamental. Many thanks for all!
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre kobe shoes
à 11:53 le 15 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with a very special opportunity to check tips from this web site. It is usually very sweet and as well , full of a great time for me and my office fellow workers to visit your web site minimum 3 times in 7 days to see the newest guides you have. Of course, I'm so certainly amazed with the mind-blowing inspiring ideas you give. Some 3 areas in this posting are absolutely the simplest we have all had.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 11:58 le 15 décembre 2020 
I definitely wanted to make a message in order to say thanks to you for the remarkable hints you are placing here. My time-consuming internet investigation has at the end been recognized with extremely good points to write about with my friends and classmates. I would declare that we readers are rather blessed to dwell in a wonderful site with very many lovely people with very beneficial pointers. I feel somewhat lucky to have encountered the webpages and look forward to so many more fabulous minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
Répondre jordan 11
à 12:01 le 15 décembre 2020 
I am also writing to let you know what a great experience our princess went through viewing your blog. She mastered a good number of details, not to mention what it's like to have an incredible teaching nature to have many more without difficulty know precisely specific extremely tough things. You truly did more than her desires. I appreciate you for giving the practical, trusted, educational and even fun tips on that topic to Julie.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre kyrie 4
à 12:01 le 15 décembre 2020 
I and also my friends have already been following the excellent information from your web site and quickly came up with a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the blog owner for them. All of the people were consequently thrilled to read all of them and now have clearly been having fun with those things. Thank you for actually being well thoughtful and for utilizing such marvelous areas most people are really wanting to be aware of. My honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
kyrie 4 http://www.kyrie4shoes.us
Répondre pandora
à 12:15 le 15 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of each of your effort on this site. Gloria takes pleasure in getting into internet research and it is obvious why. My partner and i know all about the powerful form you provide very useful suggestions on the blog and even invigorate response from other ones about this matter so my simple princess is now studying a lot of things. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You are always carrying out a first class job.
pandora http://www.pandorasbracelet.us
Répondre stone island
à 12:16 le 15 décembre 2020 
I am also commenting to make you be aware of what a beneficial experience my cousin's daughter undergone using your site. She even learned such a lot of issues, including what it's like to have an amazing coaching mindset to have folks completely completely grasp various very confusing subject matter. You undoubtedly surpassed visitors' expected results. Thanks for showing those necessary, trustworthy, revealing and easy tips on your topic to Tanya.
stone island http://www.stone-island.us.com
Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 12:17 le 15 décembre 2020 
I just wanted to jot down a simple comment in order to say thanks to you for some of the precious techniques you are giving on this site. My prolonged internet look up has now been honored with awesome knowledge to go over with my pals. I would say that most of us website visitors actually are very blessed to dwell in a magnificent site with very many outstanding professionals with great secrets. I feel really happy to have encountered your web page and look forward to plenty of more fabulous minutes reading here. Thanks once again for everything.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre yeezy
à 12:34 le 15 décembre 2020 
I together with my guys have been reviewing the best guides located on your site and at once came up with a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those strategies. These guys appeared to be totally joyful to study all of them and have in effect unquestionably been loving them. We appreciate you really being indeed helpful and for picking this form of incredible things millions of individuals are really desirous to be informed on. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
yeezy http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 12:35 le 15 décembre 2020 
I simply needed to say thanks yet again. I am not sure what I would've undertaken in the absence of the type of thoughts contributed by you on such a situation. Previously it was a horrifying case for me personally, but taking a look at the specialised strategy you handled it forced me to jump with fulfillment. I am just grateful for this advice and in addition believe you know what a great job you are always providing educating most people by way of your webblog. More than likely you have never encountered any of us.
steph curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre paul george shoes
à 12:41 le 15 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to construct a quick remark so as to express gratitude to you for some of the fabulous pointers you are posting at this website. My extended internet lookup has finally been paid with wonderful know-how to go over with my relatives. I 'd tell you that we site visitors are undeniably blessed to dwell in a very good website with very many outstanding professionals with very helpful plans. I feel truly happy to have come across your entire website and look forward to some more exciting minutes reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
paul george shoes http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 13:10 le 15 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all of your effort on this web site. My aunt delights in engaging in investigation and it is easy to understand why. Almost all know all regarding the dynamic manner you present sensible thoughts on this web blog and therefore encourage response from visitors on that area of interest then our child is certainly learning so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. Your doing a really great job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
0