Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32910 commentaires

Répondre chrome hearts online store
à 7:00 le 28 juin 2021 
I have to show thanks to this writer just for rescuing me from such a crisis. Because of scouting through the internet and obtaining opinions which are not productive, I was thinking my entire life was over. Existing minus the strategies to the problems you have fixed by way of your blog post is a critical case, as well as the ones that could have in a wrong way affected my career if I had not noticed your web page. Your own skills and kindness in maneuvering every aspect was excellent. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a step like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thank you so much for the impressive and sensible guide. I will not hesitate to suggest your web page to any individual who needs and wants counselling about this subject.
chrome hearts online store http://www.chromeheartstoreonline.com
Répondre moncler jacket
à 7:34 le 28 juin 2021 
I am only commenting to make you be aware of of the brilliant encounter our girl encountered browsing your blog. She figured out several issues, including how it is like to have a marvelous helping heart to get the rest completely comprehend various advanced subject areas. You undoubtedly did more than our expectations. Thanks for churning out such precious, dependable, revealing and as well as cool thoughts on this topic to Janet.
moncler jacket http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre afukezicih
à 7:46 le 28 juin 2021 
An vry.hnrv.psyenfants.net.xfk.hv polyostotic [URL=http://solepost.com/overnight-shipping-hydroxychloroquine/ - generic hydroxychloroquine australia buy[/URL - [URL=http://gaiaenergysystems.com/priligy-dapoxetine/ - buy priligy[/URL - [URL=http://alanhawkshaw.net/prednisone-without-dr-prescription/ - prednisone no rx[/URL - [URL=http://blairsdiscountfurniture.com/pred-forte/ - pred forte where can you buy[/URL - pred-forte sales in south africa [URL=http://stephacking.com/product/lexapro/ - lexapro tablet[/URL - [URL=http://getfreshsd.com/pill/betnovate/ - order betnovate online[/URL - [URL=http://cocasinclair.com/product/viagra/ - how to buy viagra on-line[/URL - [URL=http://autopawnohio.com/drug/advair-diskus-rotacap/ - advair diskus rotacap[/URL - [URL=http://cocasinclair.com/product/flagyl-distributors-canada/ - flagyl online cheap 200mg[/URL - [URL=http://johncavaletto.org/drug/retin-a-cream/ - order retin a online[/URL - [URL=http://sarahhouse.org/item/baclofen/ - where to buy baclofen in uk[/URL - [URL=http://frankfortamerican.com/digoxin/ - price of digoxin[/URL - [URL=http://kullutourism.com/item/hydroxychloroquine-in-western-a
ustralia-for-sale/ - hydroxychloroquine[/URL - can you buy hydroxychloroquine online with no prescription [URL=http://techonepost.com/cialis-italia/ - tadalafil walmart[/URL - [URL=http://recipiy.com/retin-a/ - retin a[/URL - blunted plates, vivid uk cheap hydroxychloroquine priligy prednisone pred forte pastillas costo lexapro betnovate price walmart viagra advair diskus rotacap price achat generique flagyl retin a gel baclofen cheapest digoxin hydroxychloroquine india mastercard cialis 4-7 days retina a cream polyfollicular http://solepost.com/overnight-shipping-hydroxychloroquine/ generic hydroxychloroquine from canada online http://gaiaenergysystems.com/priligy-dapoxetine/ priligy dapoxetine http://alanhawkshaw.net/prednisone-without-dr-prescription/ prednisone 20 mg buying prednisone http://blairsdiscountfurniture.com/pred-forte/ pred forte by mail canada http://stephacking.com/product/lexapro/ lexapro medication http://getfreshsd.com/pill/betnovate/ betnovate price walmart lowest betnovate prices http://cocasinclair.com/product/viagra/ 50mg sildenafil http://autopawnohio.com/drug/advair-diskus-rotacap/ buy advair diskus rotacap w not prescription http://cocasinclair.com/product/flagyl-distributors-canada/ what is the generic for flagyl http://johncavaletto.org/drug/retin-a-cream/ retin a cream http://sarahhouse.org/item/baclofen/ baclofen http://frankfortamerican.com/digoxin/ digoxin digoxin http://kullutourism.com/item/hydroxychloroquine-in-western-austra
lia-for-sale/ canadian legal hydroxychloroquine http://techonepost.com/cialis-italia/ cialis italia http://recipiy.com/retin-a/ retin a shrunk sulphate, electrophoresis.
Répondre supreme clothing
à 7:47 le 28 juin 2021 
I wanted to post a small remark to express gratitude to you for the stunning tactics you are posting on this website. My time consuming internet research has at the end of the day been compensated with good quality knowledge to go over with my companions. I 'd admit that many of us website visitors are unequivocally endowed to live in a superb network with so many special individuals with very beneficial tactics. I feel pretty grateful to have seen the webpage and look forward to really more fabulous moments reading here. Thank you once again for a lot of things.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre stone island
à 7:48 le 28 juin 2021 
I really wanted to write a small remark in order to say thanks to you for some of the remarkable guides you are giving at this website. My long internet research has now been rewarded with reliable strategies to go over with my family and friends. I would suppose that most of us readers are truly lucky to live in a remarkable network with many awesome people with good hints. I feel really blessed to have used the web pages and look forward to really more awesome minutes reading here. Thank you once more for everything.
stone island http://www.stone-island.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 8:09 le 28 juin 2021 
I would like to express my thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from this type of issue. After scouting throughout the world wide web and finding basics which were not pleasant, I assumed my life was gone. Living without the presence of strategies to the problems you have fixed through your site is a serious case, as well as those that could have in a negative way affected my entire career if I had not come across your site. The ability and kindness in controlling all areas was vital. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come upon such a solution like this. I'm able to now look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for the specialized and results-oriented help. I will not hesitate to endorse your site to anyone who should receive support on this topic.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre supreme
à 8:09 le 28 juin 2021 
I really wanted to compose a comment in order to thank you for those remarkable tricks you are showing here. My extended internet look up has at the end been compensated with good concept to exchange with my company. I 'd declare that most of us site visitors are very fortunate to live in a wonderful community with many awesome individuals with great opinions. I feel very much fortunate to have used your website and look forward to really more pleasurable times reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
supreme http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre paul george
à 8:10 le 28 juin 2021 
I needed to send you the tiny remark in order to say thank you yet again with the gorgeous basics you've contributed in this case. This is quite particularly open-handed of you to make publicly just what a few people would have offered as an e-book to help with making some money for themselves, specifically seeing that you might well have tried it if you ever considered necessary. The guidelines additionally worked as the good way to recognize that other people have a similar eagerness like mine to find out significantly more in respect of this issue. I think there are numerous more fun situations ahead for people who check out your site.
paul george http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 8:10 le 28 juin 2021 
My wife and i have been very contented that Albert managed to finish off his reports via the ideas he gained from your web pages. It is now and again perplexing just to choose to be giving out tactics that many people might have been trying to sell. And we also do understand we have the writer to appreciate because of that. Those explanations you've made, the simple site navigation, the relationships you help foster - it's mostly superb, and it is helping our son in addition to our family reason why the theme is amusing, which is certainly quite indispensable. Thanks for the whole thing!
yeezy http://www.yeezy-supply.us.org
Répondre michael jordan shoes
à 8:10 le 28 juin 2021 
I simply wished to thank you very much again. I do not know the things that I would have carried out without these tricks discussed by you on my subject matter. This has been a very troublesome problem in my opinion, however , observing the skilled mode you managed the issue took me to leap for contentment. I'm just thankful for this guidance and even believe you know what an amazing job you are carrying out instructing the mediocre ones thru your web page. I know that you haven't encountered all of us.
michael jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 8:11 le 28 juin 2021 
I wanted to send you that very little word to help give thanks again with your wonderful secrets you've featured on this website. This is simply unbelievably generous of you to make easily what a number of people could possibly have distributed as an e book to end up making some dough for themselves, most importantly since you might have tried it if you ever desired. The advice as well worked to provide a fantastic way to understand that some people have similar dreams similar to my own to know the truth a lot more pertaining to this issue. I believe there are millions of more enjoyable occasions in the future for folks who looked at your blog.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 8:12 le 28 juin 2021 
I as well as my friends have been going through the good suggestions from your site and so suddenly developed a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the blog owner for those techniques. My women appeared to be for this reason glad to study all of them and have in reality been taking pleasure in these things. I appreciate you for being indeed kind and also for deciding on this form of notable topics millions of individuals are really wanting to be aware of. My sincere apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre hermes birkin bag
à 8:24 le 28 juin 2021 
I enjoy you because of each of your labor on this site. Kate loves carrying out research and it's really obvious why. Most people notice all of the powerful tactic you create insightful information through the web site and in addition increase contribution from some other people on the topic then our favorite daughter is without question starting to learn so much. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You have been doing a useful job.
hermes birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 9:04 le 28 juin 2021 
I am only commenting to let you know what a extraordinary experience our daughter enjoyed viewing your web site. She learned such a lot of things, which include what it is like to have a marvelous coaching spirit to get the mediocre ones quite simply completely grasp some impossible topics. You truly did more than my expectations. Many thanks for distributing the practical, healthy, educational and also cool guidance on this topic to Jane.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 10:01 le 28 juin 2021 
I simply wished to thank you very much once again. I do not know the things that I might have implemented in the absence of the basics shown by you about this topic. It had become the frustrating situation for me, nevertheless taking a look at a specialised fashion you treated it made me to weep over happiness. I am happy for your advice and thus hope you know what a great job you're providing instructing the mediocre ones by way of a site. Most likely you haven't encountered any of us.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 10:04 le 28 juin 2021 
I am only commenting to make you understand of the great experience our daughter encountered going through the blog. She noticed a good number of pieces, which included what it is like to possess an incredible teaching spirit to let the mediocre ones with ease comprehend various tortuous issues. You actually exceeded our own expected results. Thank you for rendering those necessary, safe, revealing and as well as cool tips about this topic to Tanya.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre paul george shoes
à 10:07 le 28 juin 2021 
I simply desired to thank you very much all over again. I'm not certain the things I could possibly have created in the absence of the entire suggestions discussed by you directly on my area of interest. Previously it was an absolute depressing difficulty for me, nevertheless being able to view your specialised mode you processed that forced me to jump with fulfillment. Now i'm thankful for the advice and thus hope that you know what an amazing job you're carrying out training people today with the aid of a site. I am sure you have never got to know all of us.
paul george shoes http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre kyrie 7
à 12:03 le 28 juin 2021 
I'm just writing to make you be aware of what a notable discovery my friend's girl encountered browsing your site. She came to find many pieces, not to mention what it is like to have an incredible coaching character to let other individuals without hassle grasp certain very confusing issues. You undoubtedly exceeded readers' expected results. Thanks for imparting those practical, healthy, educational and in addition unique guidance on this topic to Janet.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie7.us
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 12:31 le 28 juin 2021 
I am glad for writing to make you know of the exceptional discovery my friend's child developed checking your site. She mastered some pieces, including how it is like to possess a wonderful giving mood to make men and women without problems completely grasp chosen grueling issues. You truly did more than visitors' desires. Many thanks for distributing the interesting, trustworthy, explanatory and fun guidance on this topic to Gloria.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre birkin bag
à 13:13 le 28 juin 2021 
I and also my buddies have been following the nice ideas on your web site and so all of the sudden came up with a horrible suspicion I had not thanked the site owner for those strategies. Those boys ended up as a result glad to learn all of them and already have simply been using them. We appreciate you turning out to be well accommodating and for figuring out varieties of superior areas millions of individuals are really desperate to discover. My very own honest apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
birkin bag http://www.birkinbag.us.com
0