Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32913 commentaires

Répondre air jordan
à 16:55 le 21 juin 2021 
I'm also writing to make you know what a magnificent discovery our child encountered checking your blog. She even learned lots of things, not to mention what it's like to possess an ideal giving heart to have most people without hassle know precisely specified specialized matters. You actually exceeded my expected results. Thank you for supplying those interesting, safe, edifying and as well as cool guidance on your topic to Tanya.
air jordan http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre hermes
à 17:26 le 21 juin 2021 
I'm just commenting to let you be aware of of the beneficial discovery my princess undergone reading your blog. She picked up such a lot of details, including what it's like to possess a great coaching character to have most people without problems completely grasp specific advanced subject matter. You actually exceeded our desires. Thank you for imparting these interesting, safe, revealing and also fun guidance on that topic to Lizeth.
hermes http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre air jordan
à 17:41 le 21 juin 2021 
I definitely wanted to type a small word to appreciate you for these superb ideas you are giving out on this website. My long internet lookup has now been paid with reputable know-how to exchange with my friends and classmates. I 'd suppose that many of us visitors are unequivocally fortunate to dwell in a fine site with so many outstanding individuals with good ideas. I feel really lucky to have used your entire webpage and look forward to many more brilliant minutes reading here. Thank you again for all the details.
air jordan http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre yeezy boost 500
à 18:17 le 21 juin 2021 
I just wanted to send a message in order to say thanks to you for these wonderful instructions you are sharing on this website. My time consuming internet search has at the end of the day been recognized with reasonable points to go over with my great friends. I 'd tell you that we visitors are quite endowed to dwell in a wonderful place with many marvellous people with useful concepts. I feel very much privileged to have discovered your entire weblog and look forward to really more brilliant moments reading here. Thanks once again for everything.
yeezy boost 500 http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 19:07 le 21 juin 2021 
I just wanted to send a simple comment so as to appreciate you for all the fantastic concepts you are sharing on this website. My prolonged internet lookup has at the end been rewarded with reputable details to go over with my visitors. I would assume that many of us site visitors actually are rather blessed to dwell in a great network with very many brilliant professionals with insightful methods. I feel very much blessed to have come across your web pages and look forward to so many more pleasurable times reading here. Thanks a lot again for a lot of things.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 19:38 le 21 juin 2021 
I wish to show my thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this circumstance. As a result of surfing throughout the the net and meeting views which were not powerful, I assumed my life was well over. Being alive minus the solutions to the problems you've solved through your main article is a serious case, and ones which might have in a wrong way damaged my career if I had not noticed your website. Your own personal capability and kindness in handling every item was tremendous. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a stuff like this. It's possible to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for this expert and result oriented guide. I won't think twice to propose your web page to anybody who should receive assistance on this topic.
supreme new york http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 21:22 le 21 juin 2021 
I must show some appreciation to you just for rescuing me from such a problem. As a result of scouting through the online world and seeing views that were not pleasant, I assumed my life was over. Living without the approaches to the problems you've fixed through your good guideline is a critical case, as well as the ones that would have adversely damaged my career if I hadn't discovered your blog. The competence and kindness in touching all the stuff was valuable. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a stuff like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for this specialized and result oriented help. I won't think twice to recommend your site to anybody who should get support on this problem.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre jordans
à 21:48 le 21 juin 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone a very remarkable possiblity to read critical reviews from here. It is always very fantastic and as well , stuffed with fun for me personally and my office friends to visit your website at minimum 3 times per week to study the latest guidance you have. And definitely, I'm so always satisfied with your dazzling opinions you serve. Selected 1 facts in this post are clearly the most beneficial we have ever had.
jordans http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre paul george
à 22:17 le 21 juin 2021 
I would like to show appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of such a scenario. As a result of surfing around throughout the online world and getting strategies which were not beneficial, I thought my life was over. Being alive without the presence of approaches to the difficulties you have sorted out all through this short post is a critical case, as well as the ones which may have in a negative way affected my career if I had not noticed your blog. Your personal expertise and kindness in handling the whole lot was helpful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. I can now relish my future. Thanks for your time so much for this professional and amazing guide. I will not hesitate to endorse your blog to anybody who wants and needs direction on this problem.
paul george http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 22:25 le 21 juin 2021 
My wife and i felt very ecstatic when Louis could finish up his reports while using the ideas he got in your web page. It is now and again perplexing to simply always be offering information and facts that some other people may have been trying to sell. Therefore we grasp we've got the blog owner to be grateful to because of that. The main illustrations you made, the simple web site menu, the relationships you will make it possible to create - it's mostly fantastic, and it's really leading our son and our family reason why the matter is thrilling, which is truly essential. Many thanks for the whole thing!
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 23:07 le 21 juin 2021 
I want to express my appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of this particular problem. After exploring throughout the the net and finding methods which were not pleasant, I was thinking my entire life was well over. Being alive devoid of the answers to the difficulties you've sorted out by means of your main report is a serious case, as well as the kind which might have in a wrong way affected my career if I had not come across your blog post. Your good ability and kindness in touching all the things was crucial. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come upon such a stuff like this. I'm able to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this expert and result oriented guide. I will not hesitate to propose your blog to any individual who needs to have support about this subject.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre supreme clothing
à 23:09 le 21 juin 2021 
I simply wanted to write a quick note to say thanks to you for those pleasant secrets you are posting on this site. My long internet look up has at the end been compensated with beneficial facts and strategies to share with my guests. I 'd express that we website visitors actually are quite fortunate to dwell in a fine place with very many marvellous professionals with insightful concepts. I feel rather lucky to have discovered your entire web pages and look forward to tons of more pleasurable moments reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothingsstore.com
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 23:55 le 21 juin 2021 
I precisely wished to say thanks yet again. I'm not certain what I would've accomplished in the absence of these strategies contributed by you over this problem. Certainly was a very frustrating difficulty in my circumstances, however , discovering this expert avenue you resolved that made me to weep for gladness. I'm just happier for the work and in addition hope you recognize what a great job you have been getting into educating people today by way of your websites. Most likely you've never met any of us.
adidas yeezy http://www.yeezysadidas.us
Répondre supreme
à 23:56 le 21 juin 2021 
I precisely had to appreciate you all over again. I do not know the things I might have undertaken without these advice contributed by you relating to that question. This was an absolute fearsome setting in my view, but spending time with a expert style you managed it made me to weep with joy. I'm thankful for the service as well as have high hopes you comprehend what an amazing job that you're putting in instructing most people through your webpage. I am sure you have never met all of us.
supreme http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre bape
à 23:57 le 21 juin 2021 
I precisely wanted to say thanks all over again. I am not sure the things that I might have gone through in the absence of these points documented by you concerning such theme. It had been the frightful circumstance for me personally, but being able to see a skilled way you treated it made me to jump over happiness. I'm happy for the support and wish you realize what a powerful job you happen to be doing educating the others by way of your blog post. I am certain you haven't got to know any of us.
bape http://www.bapesonline.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 23:59 le 21 juin 2021 
I want to express my appreciation for your kindness for men who need assistance with your concern. Your real dedication to passing the solution around turned out to be extraordinarily beneficial and have without exception made regular people like me to attain their pursuits. Your new insightful key points can mean so much to me and especially to my fellow workers. Regards; from everyone of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre kd 12
à 0:51 le 22 juin 2021 
I am only commenting to make you understand what a amazing experience my friend's child gained browsing the blog. She figured out plenty of things, including what it's like to have a wonderful coaching mindset to make the rest easily know certain very confusing matters. You truly did more than our desires. Many thanks for showing those important, trusted, informative as well as fun tips about your topic to Sandra.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre kd shoes
à 0:57 le 22 juin 2021 
I simply had to thank you very much again. I am not sure the things that I would've used without the entire solutions contributed by you on my subject. It truly was a very traumatic dilemma in my circumstances, but encountering the professional mode you solved it took me to jump with contentment. I am just happy for this information and thus wish you find out what an amazing job you happen to be providing educating many people through a blog. Most probably you've never got to know all of us.
kd shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre lebron 16
à 1:38 le 22 juin 2021 
I really wanted to develop a brief note to be able to express gratitude to you for those precious information you are giving at this site. My rather long internet research has at the end of the day been rewarded with good quality ideas to share with my close friends. I 'd suppose that most of us website visitors actually are very fortunate to exist in a remarkable community with so many wonderful individuals with valuable points. I feel really blessed to have come across your entire website and look forward to many more cool minutes reading here. Thank you again for everything.
lebron 16 http://www.lebron16.us
Répondre westbrook shoes
à 3:18 le 22 juin 2021 
I precisely desired to say thanks once again. I am not sure the things that I would have worked on without the type of smart ideas documented by you over my problem. It had become a real depressing circumstance for me, nevertheless being able to view a new well-written fashion you dealt with the issue took me to weep with joy. I will be happy for your work and expect you are aware of an amazing job you happen to be carrying out teaching other individuals by way of your web page. More than likely you have never come across all of us.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
0