Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32914 commentaires

Répondre kyrie 5
à 14:31 le 18 juin 2021 
Needed to send you the very little remark in order to give thanks once again for your personal marvelous pointers you've documented in this case. It was wonderfully open-handed of people like you to allow unhampered exactly what a number of us would have distributed for an e-book to help with making some dough on their own, principally given that you could possibly have done it in case you decided. These suggestions additionally acted to become a good way to realize that the rest have similar interest the same as mine to see somewhat more regarding this condition. I think there are millions of more enjoyable occasions up front for people who browse through your website.
kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre lebron 18
à 15:19 le 18 juin 2021 
I and also my friends appeared to be checking the excellent guidelines located on your web blog and before long I got a horrible feeling I never thanked the web site owner for those secrets. The young boys are already passionate to read through them and now have undoubtedly been loving these things. Thanks for indeed being quite helpful as well as for obtaining this kind of important things most people are really desirous to be informed on. Our sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18.us
Répondre yeezy 500 blush
à 15:32 le 18 juin 2021 
I enjoy you because of your entire labor on this site. Kate enjoys getting into investigation and it's really obvious why. A number of us hear all about the powerful manner you offer priceless suggestions through your web blog and in addition boost participation from other people on that point plus our girl is actually being taught so much. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. Your conducting a remarkable job.
yeezy 500 blush http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 15:59 le 18 juin 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone remarkably terrific possiblity to read in detail from this web site. It really is very ideal plus jam-packed with a great time for me and my office colleagues to visit your blog at minimum three times in 7 days to learn the new stuff you have. Of course, I am at all times motivated considering the fabulous strategies you serve. Certain two facts in this posting are easily the most effective we've had.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre jordan 1 off white
à 16:01 le 18 juin 2021 
I intended to compose you that little note to thank you very much over again on your fantastic secrets you've discussed in this case. It is pretty open-handed with people like you to convey publicly precisely what numerous people might have advertised as an ebook to generate some cash for themselves, notably considering that you might have tried it if you ever decided. Those pointers in addition acted to be the great way to be certain that the rest have similar dream really like my personal own to see more related to this issue. I think there are some more fun opportunities in the future for people who view your site.
jordan 1 off white http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre yeezy 700
à 16:02 le 18 juin 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extremely spectacular possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It is always very beneficial and as well , full of a great time for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit the blog minimum three times in 7 days to see the latest secrets you will have. Not to mention, I'm so actually happy with the very good information you give. Some 2 facts on this page are in fact the very best I've had.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezy-700.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 17:29 le 18 juin 2021 
Thank you for all your valuable hard work on this website. Betty loves going through research and it is easy to understand why. Most people notice all concerning the compelling method you deliver precious secrets by means of this website and in addition welcome response from other people on this content then our simple princess is without a doubt starting to learn a lot. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You're carrying out a stunning job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothingstore.com
Répondre supreme
à 17:30 le 18 juin 2021 
I not to mention my friends have been reading the excellent things from your web page and quickly developed a horrible feeling I had not thanked the web blog owner for them. Most of the ladies happened to be for this reason passionate to read through all of them and have pretty much been using these things. Thanks for getting really considerate and for utilizing some superior information millions of individuals are really wanting to learn about. My honest regret for not saying thanks to you earlier.
supreme http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre jordan retro
à 17:30 le 18 juin 2021 
I actually wanted to make a quick remark so as to express gratitude to you for all the marvelous recommendations you are sharing at this website. My rather long internet look up has now been rewarded with awesome knowledge to write about with my company. I would tell you that we website visitors actually are truly fortunate to exist in a useful network with so many marvellous individuals with very beneficial secrets. I feel somewhat grateful to have discovered the web pages and look forward to really more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks again for everything.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 17:31 le 18 juin 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extremely marvellous possiblity to check tips from this website. It can be so beneficial plus stuffed with amusement for me personally and my office acquaintances to search the blog on the least 3 times weekly to read through the newest stuff you have got. And indeed, we're at all times happy with your splendid information you give. Selected 2 facts on this page are particularly the finest we've ever had.
golden goose outlet http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 17:31 le 18 juin 2021 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable effort on this website. Betty delights in making time for internet research and it's easy to see why. My partner and i hear all about the dynamic manner you deliver powerful ideas by means of the web site and in addition improve response from the others on this article then our simple princess is undoubtedly becoming educated a lot. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. Your conducting a dazzling job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre kyrie 6
à 18:31 le 18 juin 2021 
I would like to show some appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of this type of setting. After scouting throughout the world-wide-web and obtaining principles which are not powerful, I figured my entire life was gone. Being alive devoid of the answers to the problems you've resolved by way of your entire article content is a serious case, and the ones that could have adversely affected my career if I had not discovered the blog. Your personal talents and kindness in playing with all the details was excellent. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a thing like this. It's possible to now look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for this professional and results-oriented help. I will not think twice to propose your blog to anyone who should get recommendations on this subject.
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre a bathing ape
à 18:41 le 18 juin 2021 
I definitely wanted to make a quick message so as to say thanks to you for some of the lovely tips you are giving out on this site. My prolonged internet investigation has at the end of the day been recognized with useful suggestions to exchange with my partners. I 'd tell you that most of us website visitors are truly fortunate to live in a fantastic network with very many wonderful individuals with very helpful advice. I feel pretty lucky to have seen your web site and look forward to so many more excellent moments reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.
a bathing ape http://www.bapes.us.org
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 19:39 le 18 juin 2021 
My wife and i have been so delighted John could complete his investigations via the precious recommendations he received in your weblog. It's not at all simplistic just to choose to be giving out tips and tricks which other folks could have been making money from. So we see we have you to give thanks to for this. The entire explanations you've made, the easy site menu, the friendships you make it possible to engender - it's most spectacular, and it's aiding our son in addition to us feel that the issue is pleasurable, and that is pretty essential. Thank you for all the pieces!
supreme hoodie http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre ggdb
à 19:40 le 18 juin 2021 
I wish to point out my gratitude for your generosity for individuals who need assistance with in this matter. Your real dedication to getting the message throughout had been exceedingly insightful and has constantly allowed employees like me to attain their dreams. This invaluable report means a great deal to me and a whole lot more to my peers. Regards; from everyone of us.
ggdb http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre paul george
à 20:11 le 18 juin 2021 
I wish to express my appreciation for your generosity in support of those individuals that absolutely need assistance with your field. Your special dedication to passing the message up and down came to be unbelievably invaluable and have continually helped most people like me to get to their targets. Your amazing warm and friendly advice denotes much to me and even more to my peers. Many thanks; from everyone of us.
paul george http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre 100% real jordans for cheap
à 20:37 le 18 juin 2021 
I precisely desired to appreciate you all over again. I'm not certain what I might have accomplished in the absence of the type of tricks discussed by you about my field. This has been an absolute distressing problem for me, nevertheless taking a look at a expert fashion you treated it forced me to cry with contentment. I'm just grateful for this information and pray you are aware of a powerful job that you are providing training some other people using your web site. More than likely you've never encountered any of us.
100% real jordans for cheap http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 21:22 le 18 juin 2021 
I must show my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this particular condition. Right after surfing around through the the net and seeing tips which were not helpful, I thought my life was well over. Being alive without the strategies to the problems you have fixed through your entire blog post is a critical case, and those which might have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't discovered your web blog. Your ability and kindness in dealing with all the details was valuable. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a subject like this. It's possible to at this point relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for the high quality and results-oriented guide. I will not hesitate to endorse your blog to any person who needs to have counselling on this situation.
jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 21:28 le 18 juin 2021 
I want to voice my passion for your generosity in support of visitors who should have guidance on the area. Your personal commitment to getting the solution along became exceedingly good and has in most cases permitted people much like me to attain their goals. The valuable recommendations can mean so much a person like me and even more to my colleagues. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
steph curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 21:57 le 18 juin 2021 
I and my pals were found to be reading through the good secrets from your website while all of the sudden came up with an awful suspicion I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for those techniques. These people were definitely consequently passionate to read through all of them and have in effect certainly been loving them. I appreciate you for turning out to be so thoughtful as well as for choosing varieties of superior subject matter most people are really eager to understand about. Our own honest apologies for not saying thanks to sooner.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
0